Periodic table hta nambat 42 ngu ai galai shai ai nhprang rai rai nga ai Molybdenum gaw, shi a laklai ai tsi mawan ni hte jai lang ai lam law law a majaw, masha law law a myit lawm ai lam hpe lu la sai. Shi a chemical masat kumla gaw Mo rai nna, gumhpraw -hpraw ai magri nsam hpe madun dan nna, ngang kang ai hte ngang grin ai. Molybdenum gaw nta kata na nbung katsi ai shara hta ngang grin ai, nbung n shang lu ai hte hydrochloric (sh) hydrofluoric acid ni hte n-gun n rawng ai. Ndai lam gaw, magam bungli law law hta n mai garan kachyan ai lam byin shangun ai.
Molybdenum, periodic table hta lawm ai galai shai ai nhprang rai nambat 42 gaw, madung hku nna shingra tara hku nna byin pru wa ai nhprang rai molybdenite (MoS2) hku nna nga ai. Ndai n-gun n rawng ai, nsam hpraw ai lung seng hpe moi kaw nna chye da ai raitim, lead, galena, graphite zawn re ai lung seng ni hte bung ai majaw, hkrak hkrak garan ginhka na matu yak hkak nga ai. Greek ga hku "molybdos" ngu ai gaw, nlung ngu ai lachyum rai nna, tsaban 18 htum wa maga du hkra, dai nlung lahkawng hpe European gat lawk hta, molybdenum nlung ngu nna, shingdu de pyi dut shabra nga ma ai.
1779 ning hta Scheele gaw, lead (sh) graphite hte molybdenum gaw laklai ai arung arai ni re ai hpe chyam dinglik ai lam hku nna madun dan sai. Shi gaw nitric acid gaw graphite hte n kanawn ai sha, molybdenum nlung hte kanawn nna hpraw ai nhprang dat langai mi pru wa ai hpe mu mada ai. Dai hta n-ga, nitric acid hte alkaline ntsin hpe hka ja nna, ntsin byin wa ai shaloi, sau gaw ntsin pru wa ai. Scheele gaw ndai hpraw ai n-gun gaw, teng sha nga yang, n-gun dat, molybdenum n-gun dat re ngu dawdan wa ai. Shi gaw ndai oxide hpe nhprang wan hte kayau nna, grai katsi ai shara hta katsi shangun ai majaw, raw molybdenum hpe awng dang hkra galaw lu wa ai. Molybdenum hpe sulfur hte katsi shangun yang grau san seng ai molybdenum hpe mung shapraw lu ai hpe mung shi mu tam wa ai.
1782 ning hta Sweden mungdan na lung seng htu ai wa Elmo gaw, Molybdenum hpe shaw la na matu, ladat nnan langai hpe shakut wa ai. Shi gaw nhprang wan, molybdic acid, linseed sau ni hpe kayau nna, nhprang wan n-ga kaw na nhprang wan n-ga hpe awng dang hkra garan ginhka lu ai. Shi gaw molybdenum ngu shamying nna, Mo ngu ai masat kumla hpe ka da ai.Ndai sawk sagawn ai lam hpe Swedish mungdan na mying kaba ai tsi hpaji ninghkring Berzelius gaw, cerium, selenium, silicon, tantalum, thorium zawn re ai n-gun ni hpe mu tam ai sha n-ga, mob a arawn alai ni hpe -sung sung sawk sagawn ai lam galaw wa sai.
Molybdenum magri nbung hta wan hkru ai shaloi, ja nsam pru wa nna, oxidation masa amyu myu hta nga ai molybdenum ion ni gaw nsam amyu myu hpe madun dan ai. Shaning 100 jan sawk sagawn ngut ai hpang, 1893 ning hta she, Mawson gaw carbon hte molybdenum trioxide kayau ai hpe wan wut ai wan wut ai shara hta garan nna, 92%-96% molybdenum lawm ai shawng ningnan lang na nhprang wan n-ga hpe shapraw lu wa ai.
Molybdenum hpe lai wa sai shaning 200 jan kaw nna mu tam wa sai raitim, shi hpe kaba ai hku galaw shapraw nna jai lang ai lam gaw ndai tsaban kaw nna hpang wa ai, grau nna lai wa sai shaning tsa lam hku nna rai nga ai. Molybdenum hte shi a alloys ni gaw, n-gun kaba ai, n-gun jat wa ai coefficient n law ai, n-gun hte wan n-gun hpe grai kaja hkra woi awn lu ai, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai hte n-gun n-rawng ai hpe hkam sharang lu ai majaw, shara law law hta jai lang ai lam law law hpe mu lu sai.
Molybdenum hpe madung hku nna alloy steel, n-gun n rawng ai n-gang, arung arai n-gang, hte n-gang n-gang ni hta jai lang ai rai nna, dai shara ni hta molybdenum ra kadawn ai lam grai law ai. Molybdenum hpe jat bang ai gaw, n-gun n rawng ai n-gang a n-gun hpe grai shatsaw ya lu ai, shing nrai, n-gang hpe molybdenum bang ai gaw, n-gun n-gun hte n-gun n-gun hpe mung jat ya lu ai. Dai hta n-ga, 18% molybdenum lawm ai nickel- hpe madung tawn ai superalloys ni gaw nbungli hpaga lam hta ahkyak ai jai lang lam ni nga ai. Shanhte a melting point grai tsaw ai, n-gun n law ai, n-gun n law ai thermal expansion coefficient ni a majaw, n-gun ja ai-n-gun ja ai arung arai amyu myu hpe galaw shapraw na matu grai kaja ai.
Molybdenum hpe electronic jak ni hta grai lang ai rai nna, electron jak ni rai nga ai electron tube, transistor, rectifier ni hta mung jai lang ma ai. Pure molybdenum wire gaw, n-gun ja ai wan n-ga, wan n-gun shapraw ai jak (EDM), wire-htu ai hta mung ahkyak ai akyu ni nga ai. Molybdenum hpe radio hte X-ray jak ni hpe galaw ai hta mung jai lang ai zawn, kaga alloy hte chemical hpaga lam ni hta mung jai lang ai.
Alloy steel ni hta molybdenum bang ai gaw, shanhte a elastic limit, n-gun n-gun hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam, prat tup na magnetic atsam ni hpe grau nna jat ya lu ai. Molybdenum oxide hte molybdates ni gaw, tsi mawan hte sau hpaga lam ni hta, n-gun dat ni hku nna ahkyak ai lit nga ai. Dai hta n-ga, molybdenum disulfide gaw nbungli hte jak rung bungli ni hta ahkyak ai sau langai mi rai nga ai. Shi a laklai ai sulfur hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam gaw, masa nkau mi hta carbon monoxide hpe alcohol ni de hydrogen byin hkra galaw ya lu ai.
Molybdenum hpe jai lang ai lam gaw matut manoi jat wa nga ai, ya gaw Nuclear n-gun hte n-gun nnan ni lawm ai magam bungli amyu myu hpe shinggrup da nga ai. Molybdenum gaw hpun ni rawt jat galu kaba wa na matu ra kadawn ai trace element langai mung rai nna, hpun ni a asak hkrung lam a matu mung ahkyak dik htum rai nga ai. Hkai sun hta, hpun ni a matu ra kadawn ai malu masha ni hpe jaw ya lu na matu, molybdenum hpe trace element nhprang dat ni hta grai lang ma ai.
Hpaga lam hte hkai lu hkai sha lam hta ahkyak ai Molybdenum gaw shinggyim hkum hkrang hta mung ahkyak ai shara hpe hkam la nga ai. Masha kaba langai a hkum hkrang hta nga ai molybdenum yawng gaw 9 mg daram rai nna, liver hte kidney ni hta molybdenum grau law ai daw ni rai nga ai. Mo-99 ngu ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai Mo-99 hpe tsi rung ni hta Technetium-99 hpe shajin na matu lang ai hpe sadi ra ai. Technetium-99 ngu ai n-gun ja ai n-gun ja ai isotope hpe kata na daw ni hpe sumla hkrung galaw na matu lang chye ai. Sumla hkrung galaw ai shaloi, Mo-99 hpe aluminum oxide powder hte hkap la nna, grai kaji ai hka htung langai mi hta bang da ai. Mo-99 hten za wa ai hte maren, Technetium-99 de galai shai mat nna, dai hpe tsi tsi ai lam hta jai lang ai.
Molybdenum hpe mu tam ai gaw tsaban 14 kaw nna rai nna, Japan samurai nhtu ni hpe galaw ai hta shawng nnan mu tam ai majaw, hpyen masa hta jai lang na matu hpaw hpang wa ai. 1891 ning hta, French company Snyder gaw, molybdenum hpe alloying element hku jai lang nna, molybdenum lawm ai hpyen hking hpe galaw shapraw ai hku nna, shi a n-gun n law ai (tungsten a daw mi sha) hpe jai lang nna, hpaji ningnan langai mi hpe jat wa ai. Ndai sawk sagawn ai lam a majaw, n-gang law law hta molybdenum gaw tungsten a shara hpe loi loi hte galai shai wa ai. Mungkan majan langai byin hpang wa ai hte rau, ferrotungsten hpe n law htum lu la wa ai majaw, tungsten hpe ra sharawng ai lam grai law wa ai majaw, molybdenum hpe grai-n-gun ja ai hte hkra machyi ai lam hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang ni hta grau nna jai lang wa ai. Hpyen masa hta molybdenum hpe ahkyak shatai ai lam grau grau law wa ai majaw, mungkan ting na asuya ni gaw, dai hpe zai ladat hte seng ai nlung langai hku nna sawn la hpang wa sai. Tsaban 20 a shawng daw de, molybdenum a jai lang ai lam gaw grau kaba wa nna, n-gun ja ai-n-gun ja ai rocket sinat laknak ni hpe galaw shapraw ai lam hte tungsten hte molybdenum alloys zawn re ai rawt jat ai arung arai ni hpe galaw shapraw ai lam ni lawm wa sai. Molybdenum hpe hpyen sanghpaw, rocket, manu dan ai arung arai ni a matu mung, manu dan ai -arung arai ni hta grai lang ma ai.
Molybdenum nhprang rai ni, kaga nhprang rai ni hte kayau kaya galaw da ai nhprang rai ni hta, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tungsten, hte n law htum nhprang rai ni lawm ai madung nhprang rai ni lawm ai. Ndai alloy ni gaw grai kaja ai nbung hpe shalai ya lu ai, wan n-gun hpe kaja hkra shalai ya lu ai, nbung hpe n-gun n law hkra jat ya lu ai. Shanhte gaw 1100 kaw nna 1650℃du hkra, nbung katsi ai shara ni hta laklai ai n-gun atsam hpe madun dan nna, tungsten hte shingdaw yang grau kaja ai galaw shapraw ai atsam ni hpe jaw ya ai. Dai majaw, molybdenum alloys hpe electron tube ni a matu grid hte anode ni hpe galaw ai, wan n-gun a matu madi shadaw ai arung arai ni, die-casting hte extrusion dies ni, lamu ga sanghpaw li a ahkyak ai arung arai ni hpe galaw ai zawn re ai bungli amyu myu hta grai lang ma ai.
Raitim, Mungkan Majan langai ngut ai hpang, molybdenum hpe ra sharawng ai lam grai yawm mat wa ai. Ndai mayak mahkak hpe hparan na matu, ndai hpaga lam hta jai lang mai ai ladat nnan ni hpe lawan ladan tam ra ai. Akyu nga ai gaw, low-molybdenum alloy steel nnan hpe mawdaw hpaga lam hta hkap la ai lam lu wa ai majaw, steel zawn re ai shara ni hta molybdenum hpe sawk sagawn ai lam hta prat nnan langai mi hpe masat da ya sai. 1930 ning htum wa de, molybdenum hpe hpaga lam amyu myu hta raw material hku nna grai lang wa ai majaw, molybdenum-lawm ai tool steel ni a gat lawk hpe jat wa na matu ngang kang ai madi shadaw lam hpe jaw ya lu ai. Post-Mungkan Majan II bai gawgap ai lam gaw, molybdenum hpe hpaga lam hta jai lang ai lam hta sawk sagawn ai lam hte gat lawk rawt jat lam hpe grau nna jat wa shangun ai.
Dai ni du hkra, alloy steel, n-gun n rawng ai steel, tool steel, cast iron ni gaw molybdenum hpe madung jai lang ai lam ni rai nga ai. Raitim, hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte hpaga lam rawt jat wa ai hte maren, molybdenum a jai lang ai lam ni matut nna jat wa na rai nna, shinggyim wuhpawng a rawt jat galu kaba wa na matu grau nna karum ya na re ngu kam ga ai.
Molybdenum ngu ai ahkyak ai arung arai langai mi gaw, madung hku nna, lamu ga npu na granite hta mu lu ai. Shi a lung seng nlung ni gaw loi loi sha rai nna, madung gaw sulfide lung seng ni lawm ai. Hpyen laknak galaw ai hta ahkyak ai lit nga ai hpe yu nna, mungkan mungdan kaba ni gaw, dai hpe zai ladat hte seng ai lung seng htinggaw langai hku masat da ma ai. Strategic mineral reserves gaw mungdan a shimlam hpe makawp maga na matu hte nye a mungdan hta grai n law ai lung seng ni hpe mahkawng da na matu yaw shada ai. Ya aten hta mungkan ting na mungdan 10 gaw, hkum tsup ai zai ladat hte nhprang sut rai ni hpe shinggyin tawn da ai masa ni hpe gawgap da sai. nye a mungdan gaw molybdenum law law hpe gumrawng nga ai, yawng ton wan 8.6 (molybdenum hte shadawn ai), dai hta na hpaga lam hta n-gun ton wan 3.5 daram nga ai, mungkan ting hta lahkawng ngu na shara hta ngang ngang tsap nga ai. Ndai sutgan ni gaw kaba ai hte garan ginhka nga ai sha n-ga, kaba ai-nhprang sut rai ni hte n-gun n rawng ai, loi loi hte lu la mai ai nlung n-gun ni hpe mung madun dan ai majaw, mungkan ting na molybdenum gat lawk hpe grai hkra machyi shangun nga ai. Dingdung Amerika mungdan hta mung, molybdenum sutgan law law nga ai hpe gumrawng nga ai. Ngai a mungdan a molybdenum sut masa hpe hkang zing ai lam gaw, n law htum lamu ga ni hta grau nna rawt jat wa ai hpe sadi ra ai. Ya aten hta, shingra sut masa hkringmang dap gaw, molybdenum hpe makawp maga da ai lung seng langai hku masat da na matu masing jahkrat nga ai, lung seng htu sha ai quota yawng hpe hparan ai lam hpe galaw sa wa na hte, dai hte maren lung seng htu sha ai quota yaw shada lam ni hpe shapraw na matu masing jahkrat nga ai. Ndai shamu shamawt lam gaw, molybdenum gaw kaga laksan lung seng langai mi tai wa nna, ja, tungsten, tin, antimony, hte rare earth ni hpe kayau kaya galaw nna, mungdan kaw nna laksan makawp maga lam hte hparan hpareng ai lam hpe hkam la lu na hpe madun nga ai.
